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Spot trades execute directly on Robinhood Chain: each order draws on two liquidity sources - an RFQ system pulling quotes from market makers and a proprietary AMM - and fills at the best price, settling on-chain. Perps use a hybrid design: a fast off-chain order book, secured by a dedicated app-specific chain (appchain) whose independent validators re-verify every block, including each state transition and the signatures on orders, withdrawals, and oracle prices. Custody and final settlement sit on Robinhood Chain, an EVM L2 that inherits Ethereum’s security. It’s the same hybrid model dYdX v3 ran on StarkEx.